5 Potential Side Effects of Overusing Antacids

Antacids are over-the-counter (OTC) medications that help relieve heartburn or indigestion by reducing stomach acid. While they provide quick relief, antacids can also cause side effects, especially when overused. These side effects can vary depending on the type of antacid you take.

1. Constipation

Antacids that contain calcium, such as Tums (calcium carbonate), are associated with constipation, as well as bloating and gas. Aluminum-containing antacids can also cause constipation.

If constipation is a concern, you can choose an antacid that does not contain calcium or aluminum. If you're unsure how to check the ingredients, you can always ask your pharmacist for help.

You can also take steps to help prevent constipation if your preferred antacid contains calcium or aluminum. For example, you can increase your fiber intake (e.g., whole grains, legumes, nuts, fruits, and vegetables) and drink plenty of liquids.

2. Diarrhea

Antacids that contain magnesium, such as milk of magnesia (magnesium hydroxide), are known for causing diarrhea, sometimes accompanied by nausea and stomach cramping. This is even more likely at higher doses or with frequent use.

If loose bowels or diarrhea are a concern, you may want to choose an antacid that does not contain magnesium.

3. Electrolyte Imbalance

Taking excessive quantities of antacids or using them for too long can cause an electrolyte imbalance—a disruption of the balance of minerals like calcium, magnesium, and/or aluminum in your body.

An electrolyte imbalance may affect important systems in the body, including the heart, muscles, nerves, and kidneys. For example, hypercalcemia (high calcium levels in the blood) can cause symptoms like weak muscles, fatigue, confusion, and bone pain.

General signs of an electrolyte imbalance can include:

• Dizziness

• Muscle cramping

• Irregular heartbeat

• Confusion

4. Kidney Stones

In some cases, antacids that contain calcium can cause kidney stones. Calcium kidney stones are the most common type of kidney stone. They can cause symptoms like:

• Sudden and severe pain in the back or side

• Groin pain

• Blood in the urine

• Burning when you urinate

The risk of kidney stones may be higher if you also take calcium supplements with a calcium-containing antacid. If you use both, check with your healthcare provider to ensure you’re not getting too much calcium overall.

5. Increased Risk of Osteoporosis

Taking too many aluminum-containing antacids can lead to calcium loss and weaker bones, increasing the risk of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis makes bones more fragile and more likely to break, so prevention is key.

Since bone health is important for everyone, it's a good idea to check with your healthcare provider before using antacids that contain aluminum.

How to Take Antacids Safely

Antacids can cause various side effects, depending on the specific ingredient in your antacid and how much you are using. Keep the following considerations in mind when taking antacids:

• Check in with a healthcare provider before choosing an antacid. Not every antacid may be safe for everyone.

• Although antacids are available over the counter, they are intended for short-term or occasional use, not for longer periods or daily use.

• If you find yourself relying too much on antacids, talk to your healthcare provider about your treatment options. You may need further testing or prescription treatment to help with your symptoms.

• While antacids can help with quick relief, consider making lifestyle changes to prevent or lessen heartburn from the start. This may include avoiding trigger foods, stopping smoking, and maintaining a healthy weight.